• Lyme Borreliosis is the most common vector-borne disease in Europe, with more than 90 000 cases reported annually.
• It is transmitted by ticks from the genus Ixodes, which can also transmit tick-borne encephalitis.
• Global warming has increased the risk of tick-borne diseases in Europe by allowing ticks to survive at higher altitudes and at more northern latitudes.

_Sources:

1. _{Danielová V, Daniel M, Schwarzová L, Materna J, Rudenko N, Golovchenko M, Holubová J, Grubhoffer L, Kilián P. Integration of a tick-borne encephalitis virus and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato into mountain ecosystems, following ashift in the altitudinal limit of distribution of their vector, Ixodes ricinus(Krkonose mountains, Czech Republic). Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2010Apr;10(3):223-30. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2009.0020.}
2. _{Jaenson TG, Lindgren E. The range of Ixodes ricinus and the risk of contracting Lyme borreliosis will increase northwards when the vegetation period becomes longer. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2011 Mar;2(1):44-9. doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2010.10.006. Epub 2010 Dec 13.}

• Since its establishment in Europe in the 1990s, the mosquito vector Aedes Albopictus (which can transmit viral diseases such as dengue) has significantly expanded its geographical range.
• Due to climate change large areas in the Region are projected to become climatically suitable for this vector in the near future.

_{Source: ECDC (2012). The climatic suitability for Dengue transmission in continental Europe. European Centers for Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden.}

• Several pathogens thrive with warmer temperatures, which can contribute to an increase in the incidence of food-borne and water-borne diseases.
• For example, by the period 2071–2100, climate change could cause an additional 50% in temperature-related cases of Salmonella infection than expected without climate change.

_{Source: Watkiss P, and Hunt A. (2012) Projection of economic impacts of climate change in sectors of Europe based on bottom up analysis: human health. Climatic Change 112(1), 101-126.}

• The use of ANTIBIOTICS IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY is resulting in more and more MICROBIAL RESISTANCE. This threatens the effectiveness of antibiotics, one of the most important types of treatment in human medicine.

_{Source: The MEAT ATLAS 2021 by Heinrich Böll Stiftung (Berlin, Germany), Friends of the Earth Europe (Brussels, Belgium), Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz (Berlin, Germany), pg 10-11.}